19 May 2012
 
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Recommended Reading
 Interactive interpretation of 4D prestack inversion data using rock physics templates, dual classification, and real-time visualization Charlotte Faust Andersen, Valeria Grosfeld, Aart-Jan Van Wijngaarden, and Annelin Norenes Haaland
The Leading Edge 28, 898 (2009); doi:10.1190/1.3192835 (9 pages)
Online Publication Date: 07 August 2009

Available here for download by SEG Members

Obtaining quantitative information from 4D seismic data about changes in the saturation and pressure in a reservoir due to production is very important for improved hydrocarbon recovery and management of the field. However, in heterogeneous reservoirs where the dynamic behavior varies spatially below the seismic resolution, conventional 4D interpretation methods fail to track quantitative changes in individual lithologies. The lack of information about the particular lithology to which a given 4D effect is connected can be detrimental to a general understanding of the reservoir and the forecast.
Powerful Rock Physics Templates

Statoil Rock Physics Model (RPM) templates add a foundation for common clastic lithologies enabling users to create better rock physics models to fit their project. In RokDoc it is now easier to classify and identify porosity and many other types of geological variations based on seismic and well data. Interpreters can create, modify and apply better rock physics solutions in 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D models with both flexibility and power.

Inversions driven by more powerful rock physics models from RokDoc deliver results much closer to the true lithology leading to better drilling decisions for our customers. This approach is winning plaudits; an existing major E&P client thought RokDoc to be "the single most powerful piece of software we have in the company."

RPM example: Cross-plot RPM templates of upper and lower bounds of rock stiffness

RPM example: Cross-plot RPM templates of upper and lower bounds of rock stiffness

HS LOWER This is a theoretical bound of 'cores' surrounding by a 'shell'. In case of the lower bound, the stiffest material forms the core, and the softest material forms the shell. This is geologically plausible, and therefore we see that the reality is often well described by the H/S lower bound, especially when the grains are in suspension (above critical orosity) and the matrix does not yet provide an excess stiffness. As such this bound does a better job than Reuss (unless we plot Mu as a function of porosity; if MuFluid = 0 - always the case except for heavy oils - then the H/S lower bound is the same as the Reuss bound). Where the soft material is a fluid, then the model may be plotted as a function of porosity (where the porosity is 1 - Volume Fraction Stiff). Where the soft material is a mineral then the porosity output is effectively the volume fraction of the soft material rather than an actual porosity)

HS UPPER This is a theoretical bound of 'cores' surrounded by a 'shell'. In case of the upper bound, the stiffest material forms the shell, and the softest material forms the core. This is geologically implausible, and therefore we see that the reality is often quite a bit softer than the H/S upper bound. Nevertheless, this bound does a better job than Voigt. Where the soft material is a fluid, then the model may be plotted as a function of porosity (where the porosity is 1 - Volume Fraction Stiff). Where the soft material is a mineral where the porosity output is effectively the volume fraction of the soft material rather than an actual porosity.

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